Contents
The Introduction/1 1. The Task and the Object of the Book/2 2. The Mainline of the Mutual Relations Between Development of Social Status and the Radical Changes in the Soviet Unions/6 3. The Methods and Characteristics of the Study/10 4. The Basic Content and Main Viewpoints/11 Part One The First and Second Redistribution of Social Resources after the October Revolution: the Formation and Development of the Soviet Social Structure Chapter One The Theory of the Soviet Social Structure/37 Section One The Theoretical Origins of the Soviet Social Structure/39 1. Marxist Assumptions on Social Structure of Communism in the Future/39 2. Marxist Statements on the Way to Realize Nonclass Society/40 3. Marxist Viewpoints on Realization of Non-class Social Stages/42 Section Two The Soviet Leaders’ Theories about the Social Structure of the Soviet Socialism/43 1. V.I. Lenin’s Four Contributions on Socialist Social Structure Theory/44 2. J. Stalin’s Original Idea About Russian Social Structure Theory/51 3. N. Khrushchev’s Theory on Russian Social Structure/65 4. L. I. Brezhnev’s Theory on Russian Social Structure/71 5. Y. V. Andropov’s Theory on Russian Social Structure/76 Chapter Two The First and Second Redistribution of Social Resources after the October Revolution: the Formation and Development of the Soviet Social Structure /78 Section One The First Redistribution of Social Resources: Preliminary Formation of the “Unitary” Social Structure/81 1. Abolishing Exploiting Class/81 2. Attack on all Fronts to the Capitalism and Petty Bourgeoisie in Urban and Rural Areas/84 3. Industrialization and Embryonic Form of the “Unitary” Social Structure/89 Section Two The “Unitary” Development of Social Structure/93 1. Khrushchev’s Period: Formation of the Unitary Social Structure/94 2. Brezhner’s Period: the Unitary Development of the Society/102 3. The Expansion of the Unitary Social Structure/111 Section Three The Second Redistribution of Social Resources: Formation and Wide of the “Polar” Social Structure/119 1. From “Workers’ Supervision” to “the System of General Administrative Bureau”/119 2. Establishment of the Directive Planning Economic System and the Formation of Polar Social Structure/121 3. The Depth of the Polar Social Structure/124 Part Two The Analysis of the Relations among the Soviet Social Status, Social Structure and Centralized System Chapter Three The Analysis of Russian Status and Social Structure in the Middle of 1980’s/129 Section One The Concepts and Analysis Method of Class and Status/130 1. The Concepts of Class and Status/131 2. Basic Class and Non-basic Class/132 3. The Basic Concept and Method of Status/133 Section Two The Factors Influencing the Soviet Status/137 1. Lenin’s Concept of Class/137 2. The Relations with Administrative Power of Productive Resources: the Essential Factors Influencing the Soviet Status/137 3. Labor Style and Educational Level: the Funda- mental Factors of inter Status of the Soviet Status/141 Section Three The Soviet Status/142 1. Distributing Management of Productive Resources in the Soviet Society/142 2. The Soviet Status and Basic Social Structure/143 3. The Status Inside of Administrative Group/145 4. Vertical Status in the Circle of Policy Making by the Power Scale/146 5. Horizontal Division Inside of the Circle of Policy Making by Power System/149 6. The Status Inside of Labor Group/152 Section Four Economic Positions and Social Structure of Social Groups and Status in the Soviet Unions/163 1. Economic Position of the Members of Administrative Group/163 2. Economic Position of the Members of Labor Group/168 3. The Relations Between the Two Social Groups and the Soviet Social Structure/173 Section Five The Depth of Polar Social Structure/180 1. The Periods of Lenin and Stalin: the Different Wage Levels Became Sharp/181 2. Khrushchev’s Times: Arise of Interest Groups and the Turn Point of Corruption and Bribery/183 3. Brezhnev’s Times: Formation of Privilege Status and Popular of Seeking Selfinterests by Power/188 Chapter Four Social Mobile in the Soviet Unions/204 Section One Social Mobile of Labor Group in Russia/205 1. The Concepts and Models of Social Mobile/205 2. Two Types of Different Status and Social Mobile/206 3. The Mobile Ways of Labor Group/209 4. The Types and Functions of Arrangement Offices for Labor Group/218 Section Two Social Mobile of Management Group in the Soviet Unions/220 1. The “Official Lists” System: Appointment System of the Leadership for the Party, the State and Social Organizations/220 2. Equal Quota Election: the Selective System of the Soviet Representatives/238 3. Academic Degree and Title: the Promotion System of Technical Officers/241 Section ThreeUnitary: The Characteristics of Social Mobile/246 1. The Subject and Object of Social Mobile and the Unitary Driving Force for the Mobile/246 2. Unitary Way for Social Mobile/248 3. Unitary Direction for Social Mobile/251 4. Relative Closure of the Distributive System of Social Resources/256 Chapter Five The Soviet Social Structure and the Central Economic and Political System/259 Section One Double Influence of the Unitary and Polar Social Structure on the Soviet Communist Central Political System/260 1. The Unitary Social Structure: Social Foundation of Soviet Communist Central Political System/261 2. Negative Challenge of the Unitary and Polar Social Structure on the Soviet Communist Central Political System/264 Section Two Double Influence of Unitary Social Mobile on Central Political System/272 1. Secure of Unitary Social Mobile for Central System/272 2. Lazy and Conservative: the Negative Influence of Unitary Social Mobile on Workers/273 3. Conservative, Bureaucracy and Corruptions: Negative Influence of Leadership Appointment and Lifelong System/274 Section Three Influence of Unitary Social Mobile on the Central System/291 1. The Contradiction of Young Workers with the Technical Degree System/291 2. The Contradiction of Technical Intellectuals with the Degree and Title System/295 3. The Contradiction of Young Cadre and Elite in Lower Status with Official List System/304 Section Four Central System, Unitary and Polar Social Structure on the Verge of Crisis/307 1. Conservative, Negative Consciousness and Unordered Mobile Becoming Trend/307 2. Enlargement of the Marginal Status/308 3. Grievance Spreading Among all Status/314 Part Three Gorbachev’s Reform: the Third Distribution of Social Resources Since the October Revolution and Change of Inter Structure of the Soviet Status Chapter Six Influence of Soviet Social Structure on Gorbachev’s Selection of Reform Policy/321 Section One Influence of the Soviet Social Structure-Interest Relation on the First Adjustment of Reform Policy/324 1. Establishment of “Fasten Development Strategy of Social Economy”/325 2. Turning to the Policy of Economic Power Division/330 Section Two Reform of Economic Power Division and the Change of Status’ Interests/332 1. Influence of Reform on the Vested Interest of Management Leadership/332 2. The Gain and Loss of Workers’ Interest After Reform/337 3. The Gain and Loss of Intellectuals’ Interest in Economic Reform/341 Section ThreeEmerging of Conservative Social Force/344 1. Different Parties among Management Group Toward Reform/345 2. Different Parties among Workers toward Reform/350 3. Intellectuals’ Attitude to Reform/354 4. Compare of Reformatory Social Forces/359 Section Four Restriction of the Soviet Social Structure-Interest Relation on the Second Adjustment of Reform Policy/361 1. Resistant of Large Conservative Group from up down to the Reform/361 2. Unprofitable Economic Reform/366 3. Compensation of Economic Reform by Political Resources: Selection of Policy for Political Reform/369 Chapter Seven Economic Reform and Polarization of Status/375 Section One Redistribution of Economic Resources and Plural Social Mobile/376 1. Redistribution of Economic Resources and Development of Plural Economy/376 2. The Plural Ways and Directions of Social Mobile/388 Section Two Emergence of Spontaneous Market and Change of Social Valuations/396 1. The Emergence of Spontaneous Market/396 2. The Change of Social Position Resources/399 3. Revalue and Development of Knowledge and Technological Resources/408 Section Three Development of Spontaneous Market and the Economic Polarization of Social Status/415 1. Capital Primitive Accumulation and the Rise of Wealthy Elites/416 2. Enlargement of Small Merchant Group/421 3. Worsen of the Masses Economic Condition/424 4. Economic Polarization and the Emergence of Social Marginal Status/427 Chapter Eight Political Reform, Redistribution of Political Resources and Emergence of Political Marginal Status/433 Section One The Overturn of Social Resources Value by the Reform of Political System/434 1. The 19th Conference of the Soviet Communist Party and the Policy of Divisional Political Reform/434 2. The Devalue of Political Power Resources/441 3. Revalue of Knowledge and Technological Resources/444 Section Two Competitive Differ Quota Election and Political Resources Downward to Lower Status/446 1. Radical Democratic Intelligentsi Propaganda for Abandoning Socialism/446 2. The Populace in Power and Bigwigs Step down/461 3. Who Is the Winner of Election/463 Section Three Political Resources from the Soviet Communist Party to the Soviet and Emergence of Political Marginal Status/465 1. Challenges to the Soviet Communist Central Political Model/466 2. The Formation of New Political Centre/469 3. The Rise of Democratic Political Elites and Emergence of Marginal Political Status/470 Part Four The Forth Redistribution of Social Resources after the October Revolution: the End of Central System and Change of Social Structure Chapter Nine Development and Struggle of New Social Groups and the Forth Redistribution of Social Resources/477 Section One The Struggle of New Economic Forces for Development/478 1. The Expansion of New Economic Organizations and Its Contradiction with Traditional Economic Forces and Ideas/478 2. Establishment and Struggle of Non-State Owned Economic Organizations/490 Section Two Movement of New Political Groups for Institutional Secure/494 1. The Struggle of Democratic for “Secure Opposite’s Rights”/494 2. Informal Organizations and Movement of Canceling “the Sixth Provision of Constitution”/499 Section Three From Up Down: the Forth Redistri-bution of Social Resources/506 1. Establishment of Plural Party System and Transformation of Local Political Power to the Democrats/507 2. Ownership Act and the Development of Non- State Ownership and Spontaneous Privatization/511 Chapter Ten The End of Central System and the Change of the Soviet Social Structure/532 Section One Redistribution of Political Resources in Later Period of Reform and Comparison of Political Power before August 19/532 1. Speedily Decline of the Soviet Political Elites/533 2. Sharply Expansion of National Elite's Political Resources/546 3. Comparison of Political Forces before the Decisive Battle on August 19/549 Section Two Political Decisive Battle on August 19th. and the Birth of New Political Elite Status/566 1. Political Decisive Battle on August 19/567 2. Dismission of the Soviet Communist Party and Decline of the Political Elite Status/570 3. Disband of the Soviet Union and Birth of New Political Elite Status/572 Section Three Privatization Act in Force and Decline of the Soviet Social Structure/575 1. Privatization Act : Historical Document Funda-mentally Smashing the Soviet Social Structure/575 2. Unbridled Development of Spontaneous privatization and New Pattern of Productive Relations/577 3. Decline of the Soviet Social Structure: Embryo of New Social Structure Emerging on Russian Horizon/580 Conclusion/587 Bibliography/600 Postscript/629
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